Intersectionalities in Obstetric Violence in Spain: Descriptive Study

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Abstract
The aim of the present study is to analyse the relationship between sociodemographic variables and the perception of obstetric violence in Spain. A cross-sectional study was carried out through an online questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of all variables was performed followed by a bivariate analysis using the Chi-Squared test. Finally, all statisti-cally significant variables were included in a multivariate binary logistic regression mod-el. Data were processed and graphs created using Jamovi 2.3.28 software. Statistical sig-nificance was set at p< 0.05. A total of 6060 women were included in the study. Some 33.5% (n=1578) referred to having experienced obstetric violence or not being aware of it. Variables that showed a statistically significant relationship with obstetric violence were (p< 0.05): aged between 18 and 25 years, being a student, being of Romani ethnicity, being treated in public health, and labour being completed with urgent caesarean section or in-strumental delivery. The binary logistic regression model proved significant (X2=314; p< 0.001), with high sensitivity (0.970), an AUC=0.647 and a Nagelkerke pseudo-R2 deter-mination of 0.079. Young women face higher obstetric violence, influenced by occupation and ethnicity, reflecting socioeconomic and cultural care impacts. Improving obstetric practices is crucial for women's autonomy and respectful childbirth care.

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