Clinical Outcomes of Treatment of Geographic Atrophy: A Narrative Review

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Abstract
Rationale In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved pegcetacoplan (SYFOVRE) as the first therapeutic option for geographic atrophy (GA), a previously untreatable condition associated with age-related macular degeneration. Following this, avacincaptad pegol (Izervay) was also approved for GA treatment, further expanding therapeutic options. Objectives This article aims to give an overview of the clinical outcomes of GA treatment and to discuss which patient groups may benefit most from these therapies. Methods A review of the literature was conducted using the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The search yielded six relevant studies. Conclusions The management of geographic atrophy has advanced with therapies like pegcetacoplan and avacincaptad pegol showing clear benefits in slowing lesion growth. However, safety concerns, such as neovascular complications, persist. Photobiomodulation and dietary supplementation provide alternative options with modest benefits, particularly in the early stages. Larger studies are needed to confirm long-term safety, efficacy, and optimal treatment strategies.

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