Effect of Digoxin vs Bisoprolol for Heart Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation on Patient-Reported Quality of Life

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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) poses a major challenge to health care delivery, with high cost and rapidly increasing prevalence in an aging population with multiple comorbidities.1 Permanent AF (when patients and physicians jointly decide not to pursue rhythm control) accounted for 50% of patients with AF in a 2010 global registry.2 Yet there is almost no robust evidence to support clinical decision-making.3 Guidance is particularly needed for heart rate control in patients with AF and heart failure because inadequate heart rate control may worsen heart failure,4,5 and the combination of these conditions increases the risk of hospital admission and mortality.6,7

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