Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: achievements, problems, prospects

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Abstract
1 Introduction 2 Evolution of LA-ICP-MS 3 Laser principles 3.1 Ruby 3.2 Nd:YAG 3.3 Excimer 4 Laser ablation systems 5 Laser–solid interactions 6 Particle transport 7 Optimization 8 Calibration strategies 9 Performance and problems 10 Growth areas 10.1 Fingerprinting 10.2 Geological microprobe analysis 10.3 Isotope ratios 11 Prospects 12 References