Design, fabrication, and measurement of highly sub-wavelength double negative metamaterials at high frequencies

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Abstract
In this paper, a highly sub-wavelength double negative (DNG) metamaterial for operation at high frequencies is designed, fabricated, and measured. A dual layer design that consists of a planar spiral on one side and a meander line touching with narrow metallic strips on the other side produces the properties of effective negative permittivity and permeability simultaneously, i.e., negative refractive index (NRI). The size of the unit cell of DNG metamaterials is about 253 times smaller than the operation wavelength at 15.2 MHz. The strong coupling between the topological structures on two sides makes a contribution to the miniaturization of the proposed metamaterials. A simple probe method is used to measure the transmission and reflection coefficients, and the comparison of effective medium parameters retrieved from transverse electromagnetic waveguide simulation and the probe method is given to verify the effectiveness and correctness. The measured results from one cell show a good agreement with simulated results. The measured effective real index of refraction n = −6.9 with a total loss that is less than 0.45 dB/cm at 15.2 MHz. The NRI bandwidth was > 10% in the neighborhood of 15.2 MHz.

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