Increasing the sustainability in the healthcare sector and its orientation towards achieving strategic goals is a pressing public health task that requires improving the provision of medical care. One of the promising tools for directing the healthcare sector towards achieving strategic goals is a value-based approach. Purpose of the study is to examine the prospects for the value-based paradigm in respect of the Russian healthcare system. Materials and methods. An analysis of relevant literature in academic citation databases for the six years (from 2019 to 2024) was conducted. Results. It has been established that the problem of sustainability remains relevant even for countries with a highly developed healthcare infrastructure. In such conditions, the value-based approach may become the most comprehensive in terms of building an effective and sustainable healthcare system. Currently, both conceptualization and implementation of the value-based approach are taking place in the world. At the same time, there is no single interpretation of the value-based approach in relation to healthcare. Despite the innovativeness of the value-based approach when considering healthcare systems, it is often described as a model that consolidates previously existing scientific approaches and practical solutions in terms of ensuring the relationship between clinical outcomes, costs and patient orientation. At the same time, ensuring the relationship with public health indicators (social value) is also important. Factors contributing to and hindering the implementation of the value-based approach in the Russian Federation are identified. Conclusions. The concept of value-based healthcare, aiming the system at achieving specific results, is most closely correspond to the program-targeted approach of the national project to healthcare development in the Russian Federation. This determines the feasibility of introducing the value-based concept into Russian healthcare. At the same time, special attention should be paid to such a value measurement as improving public health indicators.