Ultra-high-density integrated spatial division multiplexer

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Abstract
Twisted light with orbital angular momentum (OAM) introduces an innovative dimension in modern optics, providing a valuable resource for advancing both classical and quantum information technologies. The utilization of OAM and multi-core multiplexing in advanced optical fiber communication systems has been demonstrated as the pivotal solution to the escalating demand for information transmission in contemporary society. However, creating a large-scale and stable device for spatially separated cores supporting OAM modes is more challenging compared to established technologies for spectrum and polarization, which have mature devices. To address this challenge, we propose and fabricate a double-layer doughnut waveguide supporting three OAM modes under 1550 nm, using femtosecond laser direct writing technology. Based on that, we design the 37-core integrated space-division multiplexing device with uniform performance by depth-related power compensation. Our platform represents a breakthrough by overcoming the current technological barriers in on-chip multi-mode support and large-scale uniformity. This advancement enables a theoretical increase over a hundred fold in single-fiber information capacity, positioning it well ahead of existing integrated solutions. Designed for next-generation communication systems, it optimizes integrated space-division multiplexing, setting new benchmarks for efficiency and scalability in optical networks and facilitating unprecedented advancements in communication technologies.
Funding Information
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFA1409300)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62235012)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (12304342)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (12574549)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (12574542)
  • Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0301500)
  • Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0300700)
  • Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (2019SHZDZX01)
  • Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (24ZR1438700)
  • Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (24ZR1430700)
  • Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (24LZ1401500)
  • Startup Fund for Young Faculty at SJTU (24X010502876)
  • Startup Fund for Young Faculty at SJTU (24X010500170)
  • Frontier Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu (SBF20250000094)

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