Population-Level Evidence for an Autoimmune Etiology of Epilepsy

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Abstract
Epilepsy is a debilitating condition affecting 0.5% to 1.0% of the world’s population. Therapies address manifestations rather than the underlying etiology, which remains unknown in most patients, one-third of whom have a condition that is refractory to antiepileptic therapy.1 Surgical interventions in epilepsy are often ineffective, with seizures recurring in 50% of patients within 5 years of surgery,2 and the number of patients who remain seizure free decreases further over the years to 38%.3 A deeper understanding of the underlying etiologies is necessary to develop new therapeutic approaches.

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