Loki: Physical-World Adversarial Attacks on Wireless Indoor Localization via Differentiable Object Placement

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Abstract
As a cornerstone for numerous sensing applications, wireless indoor localization has been a pivotal area of research over the last two decades. While techniques such as jamming, spoofing, and adversarial perturbation have been exploited to compromise wireless indoor localization, existing attacks face challenges in accessibility to wireless systems and stealthiness. To address these limitations, we introduce Loki, a novel physical-world attack on wireless indoor localization via differentiable object placement. Specifically, we develop a differentiable wireless ray-tracing technique that allows us to optimize object placement in the scene. By repositioning an existing object in the scene by just a few centimeters, Loki fools existing wireless indoor localization systems into generating erroneous localization results. We also show via experiments that the object placement generated by Loki aligns with wireless sensing theory (e.g., the forward scattering region and Fresnel zone), confirming its explainability. Additionally, Loki proves effective across various localization models and scenarios, highlighting its generalizability.
Funding Information
  • Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (20231120215201001)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62502191)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23A20303)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62372149)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62572168)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (2508085MF151)

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