Abstract
Formal solutions of the any-order mass, angular-momentum, dipole perturbations on the Schwarzschild background spacetime are derived. According to the proposal in Ref. [K. Nakamura, arXiv:2102.00830[gr-qc]], the zero-mode problem in the gauge-invariant perturbation theory on general background spacetime was resolved in a specific perturbation theory on the Schwarzschild background spacetime. This resolution implies the possibility of the development of the gauge-invariant perturbation theory to any-order perturbations at least on the Schwarzschild background spacetime. As a result of this resolution, we reached to the simple derivation of the above formal solutions of any order.