Use of ketamine, xylazine, and diazepam anesthesia with retrobulbar block for phacoemulsification in dogs

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Abstract
Objective  The study was undertaken to evaluate the use of ketamine, xylazine, and diazepam along with a local retrobulbar nerve block for routine phacoemulsification in the dog.Animals  Ten clinically healthy mixed‐breed dogs of either sex, weighing between 10 and 15 kg.Procedures  Ten mixed‐breed dogs were selected for unilateral cataract removal by phacoemulsification. Standard preoperative preparations for cataract surgery were followed. Pre‐anesthetic medication consisted of atropine sulfate (0.02 mg/kg, SC). Anesthesia was induced by xylazine HCl (1.0 mg/kg, IM) followed by ketamine (5.0 mg/kg, IM). Anesthesia was maintained subsequently with IV ketamine and diazepam to effect and depth of anesthesia was assessed clinically by pedal reflex and jaw reflex. After induction of anesthesia, a retrobulbar nerve block was performed using 2 mL of 2% lignocaine. Eye position was graded after retrobulbar block and IOP was examined preoperative, post‐anesthetic, 6 h postoperative and 24 h after surgery. Phacoemulsification was performed using the phaco‐chop technique and an intraocular lens was placed. Anesthetic recovery and postoperative recovery following surgery was recorded.Result  The exposure of the globe in all the dogs was adequate; the desired central fixation of the eye was obtained and surgery could be performed uneventfully. The mean IOP recorded after induction of anesthesia was 15.75 ± 0.82, which was not significantly (P > 0.01) different from pre‐anesthetic values (14.85 ± 0.85).Conclusion  Phacoemulsification was successfully performed with this anesthetic regimen without encountering major intraoperative or anesthetic complications.

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