Stability analysis and double critical phenomenon in the Einstein–Maxwell–scalar theory

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Abstract
We investigate the dynamical stability and phase transition behavior in a holographic superfluid model incorporating higher-order self-interaction terms λ | ψ | 4 , τ | ψ | 6 and a non-minimal coupling h ( ψ ) = e α | ψ | 2 . Thermodynamic and dynamical stability analyses show that the thermodynamic stability and dynamical stability of the system are consistent. Phase diagram analysis reveals rich critical and supercritical phenomena. For fixed λ < 0 and α , increasing τ shrinks the first-order phase transition region to a critical point and then enters the supercritical region. When varying α , the system can exhibit no critical point or, most notably, a double critical phenomenon in which, as α increases, the system first enters the supercritical region and then re-enters the first-order phase transition region. This double critical phenomenon driven by a single parameter is reported for the first time in holographic superfluid models, revealing a complex nonmonotonic coupling effect between the non-minimal coupling and higher-order interaction terms.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (12533001)

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