Direct mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiomyocyte damage: an update

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Abstract
Myocardial injury induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is reportedly related to disease severity and mortality, attracting attention to exploring relevant pathogenic mechanisms. Limited by insufficient evidence, myocardial injury caused by direct viral invasion of cardiomyocytes (CMs) is not fully understood. Based on recent studies, endosomal dependence can compensate for S protein priming to mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of CMs, damage the contractile function of CMs, trigger electrical dysfunction, and tip the balance of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system to exert a myocardial injury effect. In this review, we shed light on the direct injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cardiac manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Funding Information
  • Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81670337)
  • Clinical and Translational Medicine Research Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019XK320061)

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