Electrostatic Energy Analyzer for Studying Gas-Focused Electron Beams and Their Background Media

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Abstract
An analyzer is described which is especially suitable for the study of electrostatically self-focusing electron beams and their associated background media, and, in general, for media which by their nature are very sensitive to direct insertion of probes or other diagnostic devices. The basic difficulties with devices of this nature, namely, (a) the continually changing work functions of metal surfaces due to sorbed films and (b) the lens effect defocusing due to nonuniformities of the potential in the neighborhood of grid wires, have been identified and effectively overcome. The analyzer is employed flush with the boundary of the medium under study and it incorporates a shielding electrode so that the disturbance of the medium is insignificant. When the dimensions of the instrument are scaled so that the space charge effects are absent, it can be utilized successfully to detect energy spreads as small as a few tenths of an electron volt.

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