In vitro investigation of maleated poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) for its biocompatibility to mouse fibroblast L929 and human microvascular endothelial cells

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Abstract
Poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx), a polyester with strong mechanical properties and biocompatibility, is a member of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) family. Maleic anhydride was used to graft PHBHHx to form maleated PHBHHx (Ma‐PHBHHx). Ma‐PHBHHx with a graft degree of 0.59% was found to be more thermo‐stable in comparison with PHBHHx. In vitro study demonstrated that the biocompatibility to mouse fibroblast L929 and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) was improved in different degrees on Ma‐PHBHHx films and scaffolds. Compared with their growth on PHBHHx, L929 and HMEC grown on Ma‐PHBHHx films and scaffolds showed ∼120% and 260% more in proliferation rates, respectively. Morphology study suggested that fine whorl‐like surface structures with porosities on Ma‐PHBHHx films attributed to MA grafting would be better for cell attachment and proliferation. Ma‐PHBHHx scaffolds prepared by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) with increased porosity, hydrophilicity, surface energy, and charges also were more favorable for cell growth. In addition, Ma‐PHBHHx showed an accelerated degradation incubation in SBF at 37°C, losing 21.4% of its original weight after 21 weeks while PHBHHx just lost 7.3%. Based on the improved biocompatibility, reasonable mechanical properties as well as accelerated biodegradation, Ma‐PHBHHx has shown advantages over PHBHHx as a biomaterial for biomedical applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008

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