One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 Microsphere and Interfacial Control for Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance

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Abstract
Mesoporous TiO2 anatase microspheres consisting of self-assembled nanocrystals have been synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method at 120 oC using titanium-peroxo complex, without a post-calcination process. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic imaging reveal that diamond-shaped nanocrystals as primary particles, which are 20 nm in average width and 50 nm in length and oriented with (101) plane of anatase phase, are aggregated to form a secondary microsphere particle with 0.5–1 μm in diameter. BET analysis data show that the TiO2 anatase particles possess significantly large surface area of 254 m2 g–1 with the pore size of ∼14 nm. Mesoporous TiO2 anatase anode shows an enhanced lithium storage performance in pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid electrolyte diluted with ethyl methyl carbonate, delivering 195 - 150 mAhg-1 at the C/2 rate with 77 % capacity retention and 98–99 % Coulombic efficiencies over 50 cycles despite the absence of surface carbon-coating. AC impedance analysis results reveal that the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer in diluted ionic liquid electrolyte induces the enhanced cycling performance. Control of electrode-electrolyte interfacial compatibility enables the enhancement of cycling performance and the preservation of microstructure. The data contribute to provide cost-efficient synthetic method for the TiO2 and the interfacial control aspect of performance control for safer batteries.

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