Influence of soils on extra high voltage offshore transmission lines

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Abstract
In the range of loads and operating temperatures that are now being considered for sub‐bottom transmission lines from offshore nuclear generating stations, an assessment of the thermal characteristics of the soils that surround these cables becomes critical in establishing an engineering procedure that will facilitate an economic design, yet avoid failure of the cables by overheating. The factors influencing the thermal resistivity of soils are presented in terms of a soil mechanics approach and discussed in the light of findings of a practical study. The system developed to evaluate the thermal properties of soils for a proposed transmission system is presented with the results derived from this study. Results suggest that a full range of thermal values may be developed by using a framework of data generated by laboratory thermal probe testing in conjunction with the Makowski‐Mochlinski, 1956 nomograph; Ker‐sten's 1949 equations, and the Van Rooyen 1958 equation. Values obtained with the nomograph set the lower limit of the thermal resistivity “envelope”; while the upper limit is set by Kersten's and Van Rooyen's equations.

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