Abstract
Forty years of clinical trials, the contribution of hundreds of scientists and health workers and the dedication of hundreds of thousands of women to participate in studies lasting for decades has resulted in adequate evidence to support the efficacy of mammographic screening for breast cancer, which now allows its transfer to the arena of public health policy. Doctors and women can be assured that participation in organised screening programmes, with rigorous quality assurance standards implemented, is of benefit, provided appropriate diagnostic investigation and treatment is available. Special efforts should be made to encourage screening among the more deprived members of society. It is important not to overemphasise the benefit of screening, and to appreciate that this is but one step in the total management of women with the disease. Women should, however, be informed clearly of the level of benefit and of potential risks and costs.

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