Application of Alkali-Activated Concrete in Precast Street Furniture

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Abstract
This study examines alkali-activated concrete (AAC) containing 15 wt.% wood biomass ash (WBA) as a partial precursor replacement for precast street furniture. The bench was produced using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), WBA, and graded aggregates, activated with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution. Fresh properties, including workability and density, were assessed, while hardened concrete was evaluated for compressive and tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption, and freeze–thaw resistance. The results indicate that the AAC demonstrates high workability, long-term strength development, and adequate durability, confirming its potential as a sustainable, high-performance alternative to conventional concrete for outdoor urban applications.
Funding Information
  • European Union’s Horizon Europe Programme (HORIZON-CL4-2021-TWIN-TRANSITION-01)
  • European Union’s Horizon Europe Programme (101058162)
  • Croatian Science Foundation (CSF) (NPOO-DOK-2023-10)

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