Source, Extraction, Properties, and Multifunctional Applications of Pectin: A Short Review

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Abstract
Pectin, a heteropolysaccharide derived from plant cell walls, is essential in the food, pharmaceutical, and environmental industries. Currently, citrus and apple peels are the primary sources for commercial pectin production. The yield and quality of pectin extracted from various plant sources significantly differ based on the extraction methods employed, which include physical, chemical, and biological processes. The complex structures of pectin, composed of polygalacturonic acid and rhamnogalacturonan, influence its physicochemical properties and, consequently, its functionality. As a common polysaccharide, pectin finds applications across multiple sectors. In the food industry, it acts as a gelling agent and a packaging material; in pharmaceuticals, it is utilized for drug delivery and wound healing. Environmentally, pectin contributes to wastewater treatment by adsorbing pollutants. Current research focuses on alternative sources, sustainable extraction methods, and multifunctional applications of pectin. Ongoing studies aim to enhance extraction technologies and broaden the applications of pectin, thereby supporting sustainable development goals.
Funding Information
  • Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2023JJ50315, 2023JJ30621, kq2208247, kq2208250, 2022RC3059, CARS-19-E22, ASTIP-IBFC-05, KLCCB-KF202302, 2022E02105, 1610242023005)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City (2023JJ50315, 2023JJ30621, kq2208247, kq2208250, 2022RC3059, CARS-19-E22, ASTIP-IBFC-05, KLCCB-KF202302, 2022E02105, 1610242023005)
  • science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province (2023JJ50315, 2023JJ30621, kq2208247, kq2208250, 2022RC3059, CARS-19-E22, ASTIP-IBFC-05, KLCCB-KF202302, 2022E02105, 1610242023005)
  • Agricultural Research System of China (2023JJ50315, 2023JJ30621, kq2208247, kq2208250, 2022RC3059, CARS-19-E22, ASTIP-IBFC-05, KLCCB-KF202302, 2022E02105, 1610242023005)
  • Chinese Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project (2023JJ50315, 2023JJ30621, kq2208247, kq2208250, 2022RC3059, CARS-19-E22, ASTIP-IBFC-05, KLCCB-KF202302, 2022E02105, 1610242023005)
  • Ministry of Education - Singapore (2023JJ50315, 2023JJ30621, kq2208247, kq2208250, 2022RC3059, CARS-19-E22, ASTIP-IBFC-05, KLCCB-KF202302, 2022E02105, 1610242023005)
  • Regional Collaborative Innovation Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2023JJ50315, 2023JJ30621, kq2208247, kq2208250, 2022RC3059, CARS-19-E22, ASTIP-IBFC-05, KLCCB-KF202302, 2022E02105, 1610242023005)
  • Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (2023JJ50315, 2023JJ30621, kq2208247, kq2208250, 2022RC3059, CARS-19-E22, ASTIP-IBFC-05, KLCCB-KF202302, 2022E02105, 1610242023005)

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