Phase Space Reconstruction from Accelerator Beam Measurements Using Neural Networks and Differentiable Simulations

Authors:
  • RRRyan Roussel
    Ryan Roussel
  • AEAuralee Edelen
    Auralee Edelen
  • CMChristopher Mayes
    Christopher Mayes
  • DRDaniel Ratner
    Daniel Ratner
  • JGJuan Pablo Gonzalez-Aguilera
    Juan Pablo Gonzalez-Aguilera
  • SKSeongyeol Kim
    Seongyeol Kim
  • EWEric Wisniewski
    Eric Wisniewski
  • JPJohn Power
    John Power
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Abstract
Characterizing the phase space distribution of particle beams in accelerators is a central part of accelerator understanding and performance optimization. However, conventional reconstruction-based techniques either use simplifying assumptions or require specialized diagnostics to infer high-dimensional ($>$ 2D) beam properties. In this Letter, we introduce a general-purpose algorithm that combines neural networks with differentiable particle tracking to efficiently reconstruct high-dimensional phase space distributions without using specialized beam diagnostics or beam manipulations. We demonstrate that our algorithm reconstructs detailed 4D phase space distributions with corresponding confidence intervals in both simulation and experiment using a single focusing quadrupole and diagnostic screen. This technique allows for the measurement of multiple correlated phase spaces simultaneously, enabling simplified 6D phase space reconstruction diagnostics in the future.