On the Plastic and Viscoplastic Constitutive Equations—Part II: Application of Internal Variable Concepts to the 316 Stainless Steel

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Abstract
The constitutive equations developed in Part I with a combination of isotropic and nonlinear kinematic hardening rules can describe the usual monotonic and cyclic behavior of metals and alloys. Some materials, especially type 316 stainless steels, show interaction of many complex phenomena such as viscoplasticity, cyclic hardening, time softening and aging effects. . . On the basis of experimental results obtained in Electricite de France or taken from the literature the descriptive ability of the developed constitutive equations is discussed and a new methodology is proposed which treats instantaneous plasticity and creep by using a viscoplastic strain component alone.