National survey of diagnostic point of care ultrasound practices and program development in academic neonatal-perinatal medicine centers

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Abstract
Objective To assess diagnostic point of care ultrasound (POCUS) use, presence of programmatic infrastructural elements, and barriers to implementation across neonatal perinatal medicine (NPM) programs in the United States. Study design Cross-sectional study. An online survey was distributed to leaders in education or POCUS at ACGME-accredited NPM fellowship programs. National trends were outlined using descriptive statistics and compared by program size. Result 79 of 99 (80%) NPM programs responded. Diagnostic POCUS was available at 71% (n = 56) of sites that responded. Key infrastructural elements were present at <45% of sites, with fellow training being the exception (71%). Many barriers to diagnostic POCUS program implementation were identified and they differed by program size. Conclusion Diagnostic POCUS is being increasingly adopted despite underdeveloped programmatic infrastructure. Identified barriers suggest a need for collaborative efforts to support the necessary infrastructural elements, and differences by program size suggest a need for tailored approaches for successful integration.

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