Social Support, Knowledge, and Self-Efficacy as Correlates of Osteoporosis Preventive Behaviors Among Preadolescent Females

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Abstract
Objective To develop and test a model based on Bandura's social cognitive theory to predict healthy lifestyle behaviors for the prevention of osteoporosis. Methods Participants were 354 girls, ages 8–11 years, recruited from area Girl Scout troops. Baseline data from a randomized trial of behavioral interventions are presented. Measures of social support, knowledge, self-efficacy, dietary calcium intake, and weight-bearing physical activity (WBPA) were obtained via interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Results A structural equation model was tested and fit the data well. Family social support, perceived self-efficacy for eating a calcium-rich diet, and knowledge of WBPA significantly predicted calcium intake. Friend and family support for exercise predicted WBPA. Self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between family support and calcium intake, as confirmed by Holmbeck's post-hoc probing strategy (2002). Conclusions Suggestions are made for primary prevention interventions such as parent and peer involvement, health education, and problem-solving training.

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