Quantum Cryptography

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Abstract
Cryptography is the process of encrypting data or transforming plain text to ciphertext so that it can be deciphered only by appropriate key. Quantum cryptography employs quantum physics principles to encrypt and transport data in an unpackable manner. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technique for creating and exchanging private keys over quantum channels between two parties. Then, using standard cryptography, the keys can be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. Unbreakable encryption is something we really must have. The integrity of encrypted data is now in danger due to the impending development of quantum computers. Fortunately, quantum cryptography, via QKD, provides the answer we require to protect our information for a very long time to come. This is all based on the intricate principles of quantum mechanics. This chapter is discussing the various algorithms used and the applications of quantum cryptography.