This chapter investigates the ways in which nationalist discourse is gendered and how this shapes and is affected by sexual divisions of labor in the military. It also argues that only rarely are differential power relations between men and women in the military erased. It reviews the gender dimensions of state intervention and militarism in a charged atmosphere of nationalism on the “front lines.” Feminists fighting for equal rights for women in the military argue that their exclusion from combat roles prevents them from benefiting fully from promotion opportunities in the military on an equal footing with men. Motherhood has played a very important role in feminist antimilitary thinking. The specific tasks that women fulfill in different militaries in different historical contexts vary, as does the extent to which they are formally incorporated into the military.