Landscape Approaches to Ecosystem Restoration: Lessons Learned from Managing Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes Seascapes

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Abstract
Landscape approaches help to effectively facilitate ecosystem restoration for the benefit of people and nature, by leveraging Indigenous and local knowledge and enhancing context-specific cooperation between stakeholders. The process of applying landscape approaches to ecosystem restoration should be multi-lateral, iterative and inclusive. It needs to be navigated by communicating and interacting with stakeholders across different sectors and levels. Recommendations: (i) start at the landscape or seascape scale to identify and mobilize local resources and capacities for long-term restoration efforts; (ii) promote peer learning and knowledge sharing to develop integrated solutions for restoration and sustainable development, and upscale them for broader impact; (iii) institutionalize local restoration efforts as part of coherent policies and frameworks to facilitate systemic change in human–nature interactions.