Association of Preexisting Interstitial Lung Abnormalities With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Induced Interstitial Lung Disease Among Patients With Nonlung Cancers

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Abstract
Anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), exert antitumor effects by suppressing the immune tolerance to cancer cells. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated such antitumor effects, and these antibodies are approved for use for the treatment of several advanced cancers.1-5 However, ICI-related adverse events are observed in patients receiving anti–PD-1 antibodies. Among them, ICI-induced interstitial lung disease (ICI-ILD) is a clinically serious and life-threatening toxic effect.6,7 The reported prevalence of ICI-ILD is 4.1% in patients with lung cancer, 4.1% in patients with kidney cell carcinoma, and 1.6% in patients with malignant melanoma.8 Therefore, it is important to determine the risk factors for ICI-ILD to pay more attention to the development of ICI-ILD and initiate prompt treatment in patients with risk factors.

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