Effects of Soybean Glyceollins and Estradiol in Postmenopausal Female Monkeys

Authors:
  • TCThomas B. Clarkson
    Thomas B. Clarkson
  • SASusan E. Appt
    Susan E. Appt
  • AFAdrian A. Franke
    Adrian A. Franke
  • SBStephen M. Boue
    Stephen M. Boue
  • MBMatthew E. Burow
    Matthew E. Burow
  • TMThomas McCoy
    Thomas McCoy
  • JCJ. Mark Cline
    J. Mark Cline
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Abstract
Glyceollins are a novel class of soybean phytoalexins with potential cancer-protective antiestrogenic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the estrogen-antagonist effects of glyceollin-enriched soy protein on biomarkers for breast cancer risk. Thirty female postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques were randomized to one of three dietary treatments for 3 wk: 1) estradiol (E2, 1 mg/day) + casein/lactalbumin (control); 2) E2 + soy protein isolate (SPI) containing 194 mg/day isoflavonoids; and 3) E2 + glyceollin-enriched soy protein (GLY) containing 189 mg/day isoflavonoids + 134 mg/day glyceollins. Doses are expressed in calorically scaled human equivalents. Mean serum glyceollin concentrations at 4 h postfeeding were 134.2 ± 34.6 nmol/L in the GLY group and negligible in the SPI group (P = 0.0007). Breast proliferation was significantly increased in the control group (+237%, P = 0.01) but not in the SPI group (+198%, P = 0.08) or GLY group (+36%, P = 0.18). Gene expression of trefoil facto...

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