Frequent Asynchronous Switching of Networked Switched Systems Under Event-Triggered Fault-Tolerant Control and DoS Attacks

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Abstract
The stability analysis of networked switched systems becomes highly challenging when multiple factors—such as frequent switching, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, transmission delays, and actuator faults—coexist under an event-triggered mechanism (ETM). These intertwined factors cause complex timing mismatches that invalidate most synchronization-based control frameworks. To address this challenge, this article proposes a resilient event-triggered fault-tolerant control strategy that captures multisource asynchrony by classifying multiple key instants and modeling their interactions through a Lyapunov-based scheme. Unlike most existing studies that rely on synchronized switching assumptions or oversimplify the timing structure by ignoring delays and DoS attacks, this work explicitly incorporates these asynchronous phenomena into a unified analytical framework. First, to ensure timely packet transmission, a hybrid ETM is designed by combining time-triggering and event-triggering conditions. A switched Lyapunov function is then constructed by classifying different intervals, thereby unifying the analysis of asynchronous behaviors and DoS-induced disruptions. Furthermore, a resilient codesign strategy is developed, where the event-triggered parameters and fault-tolerant control gains are jointly designed under an explicit trade-off among the average dwell time parameter of switching signals, DoS attack parameters, and the sampling period. Under the proposed framework, global exponential stability with $H_{\infty } $ performance is guaranteed despite the presence of transmission delays, actuator faults, and DoS attacks. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using a quarter-vehicle suspension system.
Funding Information
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFB3411500)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (242300421399)
  • Graduate Education Research Program at Zhengzhou University (YJSJY2025109)
  • Australian Research Council Discovery Project (DP260100558)
  • China Scholarship Council (202208200007)

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