Protective effect of lactoferrin administration against brain tissue damage in diabetic rats

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Abstract
Bovine lactoferrin (bLf), a glycoprotein with iron, Several of Lf's functions intervene through various cell receptors. Its antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects Additionally, it has been found that Lf has immunomodulating. We looked into the protective effects of Lf on various brain tissue indicators and histopathological examination of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. This research aimed to check the potential protective effect of lactoferrin verses brain lesion in STZ induced diabetic rat. The rats were split into five groups: Control (C), Diabetic rat (T2D), T2D + Insulin, T2D + Lactoferrin, and T2D + Insulin + Lactoferrin. Diabetes was created in rat groups by administration STZ (60 mg/kg body weight), then rat was sacrificed. The tissues of the Brain and serum had been chosen to analyze biochemical brain tissue indicators, Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase (SNE), Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and Tissue Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-Alpha). Also, H&E staining was utilized to measure the histological changes of the brain and Comet assay of brain tissue samples for detection of DNA damage. In T2D rat, Lactoferrin corrected aberrant serum levels of SNE, BDNF and TNF-Alpha, in addition, Lactoferrin improves brain pathological changes might be through hypoglycemic, and/or anti-inflammatory actions and reduced DNA damage as compared to diabetic untreated rats. It could be concluded that oral administration of lactoferrin to diabetic rats alone or in combination with insulin treatment for six weeks was found to attenuate the harmful effects of diabetes on brain biomarkers as well as the pathological lesions that occur in the brain tissues of diabetic rats.

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