Normal Stress Effect in Polymer Solutions

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Abstract
Normal stress phenomena are studied in solutions of some typical high polymers, polystyrene, methylcellulose, and sodium‐carboxymethylcellulose, with a parallel plate instrument. The principle of procedures for separate determination of normal stress components with the parallel plate instrument is briefly described. The normal stress measurements are performed in shearing rates ranging from about 1.0 to 100. The results obtained, together with the flow curves, are discussed in terms of the cross‐elasticity theory and of some molecular bases. It is concluded that polystyrene solutions roughly obey ``Hooke's law in shear,'' while solutions of cellulose derivatives are remarkably ``non‐Hookean in shear.''
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