Peritonitis in Children Who Receive Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis

Authors:
  • RFReinhard Feneberg
    Reinhard Feneberg
  • JFJoseph T. Flynn
    Joseph T. Flynn
  • DMDirk E. Müller-Wiefel
    Dirk E. Müller-Wiefel
  • NBNesrin Besbas
    Nesrin Besbas
  • AZAleksandra Zurowska
    Aleksandra Zurowska
  • NANejat Aksu
    Nejat Aksu
  • MFMichel Fischbach
    Michel Fischbach
  • ESErnesto Sojo
    Ernesto Sojo
  • ODOsman Donmez
    Osman Donmez
  • LSLale Sever
    Lale Sever
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Abstract
In children who are on chronic peritoneal dialysis, peritonitis is the primary complication compromising technique survival, and the optimal therapy of peritonitis remains uncertain. An Internet-based International Pediatric Peritonitis Registry was established in 47 pediatric centers from 14 countries to evaluate the efficacy and safety of largely opinion-based peritonitis treatment guidelines in which empiric antibiotic therapy was stratified by disease severity. Among a total of 491 episodes of nonfungal peritonitis entered into the registry, Gram-positive organisms were cultured in 44%, Gram-negative organisms were cultured in 25%, and cultures remained negative in 31% of the episodes. In vitro evaluation revealed 69% sensitivity of Gram-positive organisms to a first-generation cephalosporin and 80% sensitivity of Gram-negative organisms to a third-generation cephalosporin. Neither the risk factors assumed by the guidelines nor the choice of empiric therapy was predictive of either the early treatment response or the final functional outcome of the peritonitis episodes. Overall, 89% of cases achieved full functional recovery, a portion after relapsing peritonitis (9%). These data serve as the basis for new evidence-based guidelines. Modification of empiric therapy to include aminoglycosides should be considered.

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