Ionospheric Composition and Reactions

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Abstract
Recent measurements of ion densities in the ionosphere seem to be more or less compatible with current data for ion-molecule reaction rates in some parts of the ionosphere under conditions in which a steady state prevails. There is no such agreement for the upper ionosphere, where the densities of He + and H + are difficult to understand in terms of present concepts concerning the relevant production and loss processes. Sources of ionizing radiation are needed to explain nighttime observations in the E region and perhaps also in the F region. The D region remains a poorly understood laboratory of negative-ion and positive-ion chemistry, where neither observation nor theory is as yet adequate.
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