The incidence of venous gas emboli in recreational diving.

Authors:
  • RDR G Dunford
    R G Dunford
  • RVR D Vann
    R D Vann
  • WGW A Gerth
    W A Gerth
  • CPC F Pieper
    C F Pieper
  • KHK Huggins
    K Huggins
  • CWC Wacholtz
    C Wacholtz
  • PBP B Bennett
    P B Bennett

  • 1 January 2002
    • journal article
Abstract
From 1989-91, the Divers Alert Network monitored recreational divers for Doppler-detected venous gas emboli (VGE) and depth-time profiles following multi-day, repetitive, multi-level exposures. A Spencer score >0 occurred in 61 of 67 subjects (91%) and 205 of 281 dives (73%). No subject developed decompression sickness (DCS) on monitored days although 102 dives (36.3%) scored at Spencer Grades 2 or 3 (High Bubble Grade, HBG). We recorded the depth-time profiles with Suunto dive computers and estimated exposure severity with a probabilistic decompression algorithm. The HBG incidence increased 53% over the range of exposure severity (p < 0.001) in the divers, was approximately 20% higher for repetitive dives than for first dives, and decreased approximately 25% over the 6-8 days of multi-day diving (p < 0.001) suggesting a phenomenon similar to DCS adaptation. The observed HBG incidence was approximately 20% higher for males than females. Older male divers had a 25% increase in observed incidence of HBG while older female divers showed a 55% increase when compared to their younger counterparts.