Effectiveness of insecticides for the control of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and mortality of the parasitoid Diadegma insulare (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on brassicaceous plants

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Abstract
Crop production of brassicaceous crops in Mexico are affected by the attack of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). An inadequate application of insecticides indirectly affects the main parasitoid of this pest, the wasp Diadegma insulare (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Eight insecticide treatments and one control were evaluated using a completely randomized design with four replications. The objective of this research was to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, three organic insecticides, five synthetic insecticides and a control, to determine their effectiveness in controlling P. xylostella and its effect on the mortality of the parasitoid D. insulare . Broccoli leaf immersion method in solution with insecticides was used. Pyridalil caused the highest mortality (100%) in the third-instar larval stage of P. xylostella at 48 h after application and mild to moderate mortality (categories 1 and 2 of the IOBC) to D. insulare at 72 hours; Naled obtained 100% mortality in the larva and adult of P. xylostella , but also caused 100% mortality in the parasitoid 24 h after treatment. Among the organic insecticides, Pyrethrin produced the highest mortality in P. xylostella larvae (60%) at 72 h in the two doses used and caused a mortality of 10% in D. insulare . Pyridalil and Emamectin Benzoate insecticides showed high effectiveness for the control of the insect-pest and had low impact on the parasitoid.

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