Increased Ceruloplasmin and Fibrinogen in Type 2 Diabetes Corresponds to Decreased Anti-oxidant Activity in a Preliminary Tertiary South Indian Hospital Study

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Abstract
The relationship between type 2 diabetes, antioxidant-enzyme serum ceruloplasmin, pro-inflammatory blood fibrinogen and antioxidant activity (AOA) was investigated in 40 diabetics and 47 non-diabetics hailing from South India as a preliminary study aspiring to be a crucial stepping stone for a large study. Serum AOA was lower (p<0.01) in diabetics (0.68±0.03 mmol/L) than controls (0.92±0.07 mmol/L) and ceruloplasmin more (p<0.001) in diabetics (983.20±52.18 mg/L) than controls (470.79±39.20 mg/L). Plasma fibrinogen was higher (p<0.001) in diabetics (480.23±19.52 mg/dl) than controls (313.94±13.42 mg/dl). Males had more AOA. Fibrinogen increased with age. These significant findings point strongly to augmented oxidative stress and inflammatory states in South Indian diabetics.