Paradoxical Behavior of Organodiselenides: Pro-Oxidant to Antioxidant

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Abstract
Over the years, organodiselenides have emerged as the biologically relevant class of molecules. On the one hand, such compounds are known for pro-oxidant effects leading to toxicity in biological systems. On the other hand, there are growing evidences about their bio-mimetic activities as catalysts such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity. Our recent work has explored this paradoxical behavior of diselenides in developing antioxidants and/or anticancer agents. For this purpose, a number of alkyl and aryl diselenides have been evaluated in different biological models. The results have shown that aryl diselenides, in particular pyridinediselenides, altered the ratio of the intracellular thiol redox pairs of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) towards reduction (antioxidant) rather than oxidation (pro-oxidant) to protect normal cells against radiation damage and to induce cytotoxicity in tumor cells. Further, these studies have also postulated that the intracellular redox state, the level of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and reductive intermediates (e.g., selenol and/or selone) might play a very important role in the manifestation of the toxicities of aryl diselenides in cells.

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