Accurate modeling of battery thermal runaway is essential to reduce costly experimental testing, accelerate battery system development, optimize module and pack architecture, and ultimately improve safety of Li-ion batteries. While numerous modeling approaches currently coexist—including physics-based, lumped-parameter, and data-driven models—most focus primarily on thermal abuse as the initiating trigger and consider heat transfer as the only propagation mechanism. Overcharge-induced thermal runaway and propagation driven by electrical phenomena are comparatively underrepresented in current modeling frameworks. However, feedback from accident investigations shows that BMS failures can lead to such events. In addition, the parallel architectures used in some battery systems can result in the overcharging of cells within the same branch when a fault occurs in one of the cells.