Attenuation of Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in Nonhuman Primates and Its Ability to Confer Immunity to Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Challenge

Authors:
  • CWC. C. Winter
    C. C. Winter
  • ETE. L. Tierney
    E. L. Tierney
  • WLW. T. London
    W. T. London
  • BMB. R. Murphy
    B. R. Murphy
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Abstract
Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) was evaluated as a candidate live-virus vaccine to protect against infection with human PIV-3. The level of replication of bovine and human PIV-3 and the efficacy of immunization with bovine PIV-3 in protecting against subsequent challenge with human PIV-3 was evaluated in nonhuman primates. The duration and magnitude of replication of human and bovine PIV-3 in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of New World monkeys was similar, and animals infected with bovine PIV-3 developed resistance to challenge with human PIV-3. The replication of two bovine strains of PIV-3 was restricted 100- to 1000-fold in Old World primates but was sufficient to induce high levels of neutralizing antibody to human PIV-3. The combined properties of restricted replication and induction of a protective immune response to human PIV-3 in nonhuman primates make bovine PIV-3 a promising candidate for a live-virus vaccine to protect humans against disease caused by PIV-3.