Biogenic green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using oat biomass for ultrasensitive modified polymeric sensors

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Abstract
This study describes Green synthesis of two metal oxide nanoparticles MnO2NPs and CuONPs using the oat biomass. The electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles was investigated by fabricating two modified sensors enriched with MnO2NPs and CuONPs as a coated layer on the surface of the sensors and utilized to quantify antibacterial drugs cephalexin (CPX) and cefazolin (CFZ) in their commercial products and biosamples. The tested drugs were incorporated with the precipitating agents phosphomolybdic acid and phosphotungstic acid to form CPX-PM and CFZ-PT as electroactive materials, respectively. Conductivity enhancement of the fabricated modified sensors CPX-PM-MnO2NPs and CFZ-PT-CuONPs was determined and the outcomes compared to the results obtained from the conventional types of the same sensors. Linear relationships were recorded between the sensory potentials of the enriched metal oxide nanoparticles in the ranges of 1.0 × 10-8-1.0 × 10-2 and 1.0 × 10-10-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 with lower limits of detection 5.6 × 10-9 and 5.7 × 10-11 mol L-1 for CPX-PM-MnO2NPs and CFZ-PT-CuONPs with respect to 1.0 × 10-6-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 of their conventional coated wire types. The fabricated sensors provide excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards the determination of CPX and CFZ in its commercial and biosamples. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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