Inhibitory action of allelochemicals from Artemisia nanschanica to control Pedicularis kansuensis, an annual weed of alpine grasslands

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Abstract
The inhibitory action of allelochemicals can be used effectively for biological weed management and can minimise environmental impacts related to herbicides. The aim of the present study was to identify allelochemicals of Artemisia nanschanica Krasch, a typical weed with strong allelopathic effects, that could potentially control Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim, the key pioneer weed that causes rapid degradation of alpine pastures. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to identify the compounds of six extracts from A. nanschanica. Two ethyl acetate extracts were the most effective in reducing the seed germination rate and in inhibiting seedling shoot and root growth of P. kansuensis. Three chemical compounds from the ethyl acetate extracts were identified for their allelopathic inhibitory effects, a sesquiterpene and two aromadendrene oxides, with the sesquiterpene being the most effective. The three compounds showed the best inhibitory effect through synergistic action. We concluded that the three allelochemicals of A. nanschanica, either alone or in combination, can be used to biologically control P. kansuensis in alpine pastures on the Tibetan plateau.

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