A Practical Guide to Impact Threshold of a Confounding Variable (ITCV) and Robustness of Inference to Replacement (RIR)

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Abstract
The document is intended to serve as a practical guide to implementing the Impact Threshold of a Confounding Variable (ITCV; Frank, 2000; Frank et al., 2013), a sensitivity analysis approach based on omitted variables, and Robustness of Inference to Replacement (RIR; Frank et al., 2013; Frank et al., 2021), a sensitivity analysis approach based on replacement of cases.