Abstract
Since even before the term artificial intelligence (AI) was coined at a Dartmouth conference in 1956,1 thinking machines have intrigued and terrified us. From the robot Maria in Fritz Lang’s 1927 movie Metropolis to HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey to Skynet in The Terminator, AI’s promise and perils have prompted fervent hope and fierce debate. Elon Musk has expressed the desperate hope that humankind can prevent itself from becoming the “biological boot loader for digital superintelligence.” 2 He joined Sam Altman in founding OpenAI, a billion-dollar nonprofit company whose mission is “to advance digital intelligence...

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