MXene/Bacterial Cellulose Hybrid Materials for Sustainable Soft Electronics

This work evaluated bacterial cellulose (BC) as a possible biodegradable soft electronics substrate in comparison to polyethylene terephthalate (PET), while also focusing on evaluating hybrid MXene/BC material as potential flexible electronic sensor. Material characterization studies revealed that the BC material structure consists of nanofibers with diameters ranging from 70 to 140 nm, stacked layer-by-layer. BC samples produced are sensitive to post-treatment with isopropanol resulting in a change of structural and mechanical properties. The viscoelastic properties of the BC substrates have been studied experimentally in comparison with the PET film. Aged BC substrate showcased similar viscoelastic properties stability, while exhibiting better properties above 70 °C, with total storage modulus change of −15% and loss modulus change of 21%. MXenes prepared using the Minimally Intensive Layer Delamination (MILD) method were screen-printed onto BC substrates and PET films to form MXene/BC (MX/BC) and MXene/PET (MX/PET) devices. The electrical properties results showcased different resistive behavior on both BC and PET substrate samples with different impedance moduli. MX/PET presented lower sheet resistance of around 156 $\Omega$·sq⁻¹, while MX/BC was 2733 $\Omega$·sq⁻¹. Finally, the MX/BC and MX/PET devices were subjected to repeatable quasi-static load tests and the piezoresistive sensing behavior of the devices has been reported.