Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Annona squamosa L. seed extract: characterization, photocatalytic and biological activity assay

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Abstract
The aqueous seed extract of Annona squamosa L. was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The formation of AgNPs in aqueous silver nitrate solution after the addition of the extract was indicated by a colour change from pale yellow to dark brown corresponding to a λmax at 430 nm. The phytochemicals in the extract, responsible for efficient capping and stabilization of the nanoparticles, were identified by FTIR. Powder XRD pattern demonstrated the polycrystalline nature of the AgNPs. TEM image confirmed that AgNPs were spherical in shape and the average particle size was found to be 22 nm. Further, the nanoparticles exhibited good catalytic activity towards the degradation of coomassie brilliant blue dye and demonstrated significant antibacterial activity. Their larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae showed a LC50 value 22.44 μg/mL against III instars. In addition, AgNPs positively influenced the germination of chickpea seeds. Graphic abstract

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