Abstract
This study investigated whether adding an immersive virtual reality simulation of the International Space Station (VR-ISS) to short-term -6° head-down tilt (HDT) position altered food perception and the broader eating experience. HDT was implemented using the NOVA360 motion simulator, which enabled the postural analogue to be combined concurrently with the VR-ISS. Eighty participants were assigned to HDT or HDT + VR-ISS (n = 40 per context) and evaluated two chocolate snacks (brownie and cookie) and two liquid products (chocolate-flavoured milk and tomato soup). Product-related outcomes included sensory intensity and liking, while context-related responses included affective state, perceived stress, loneliness, engagement and qualitative experience. For the chocolate snacks, adding VR-ISS did not significantly alter sensory intensity or liking. In contrast, liquid intensity was higher in HDT + VR-ISS than in HDT (3.69 ± 0.88 vs 3.00 ± 1.03; p<0.001), while liking remained comparable between contexts. The combined context was also associated with lower valence and dominance during eating (p=0.021 and p=0.004, respectively), higher overall perceived stress (3.68 ± 2.68 vs 2.75 ± 2.20; p=0.006), and lower total engagement (51.53 ± 12.69 vs 56.63 ± 5.36; p=0.023) than HDT alone. Perceived loneliness increased during exposure to both contexts but did not differ between them. Qualitative responses reflected bodily discomfort in both contexts, with additional spatial disorientation and bodily adjustment under HDT + VR-ISS. Overall, adding immersive spacecraft context to HDT produced selective, product-dependent sensory responses but clearer changes in affective and task-related experience. Combined postural and immersive analogues may therefore enhance the ecological relevance of ground-based space-food testing while highlighting the importance of product-specific evaluation.