Detection of ‘Candidatus Cardinium’ Bacteria from the Haploid Host Brevipalpus Californicus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and Effect on the Host

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Abstract
Brevipalpus californicus (Banks) was infected with ‘Candidatus Cardinium’ bacteria (Cardinium). Tetracycline-treated females produced many male progeny even though untreated females produced only female progeny. B. californicus appears to be feminized by Cardinium. The values for net reproduction rate (R 0), generation time (T) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m ) calculated for B. californicus were 7.48/day, 31.45 days and 0.064/day, respectively. The comparison of infected females with uninfected males and other closely related species, indicated that Cardinium does not have a negative effect on the fitness of B. californicus.

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