Investigating the potential of the Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers for the cleaning of feathers: a pilot study

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Abstract
A dual-wavelength Q-switched Nd:YAG laser emitting at 1064 nm and 532 nm and an Er:YAG laser were tested on a range of feathers containing melanin, carotenoids and psittacofulvins. Dyed, white and iridescent feathers, as well as down feathers, were also included in the study. First, the damage threshold fluence was determined for each type of feather and then, as appropriate, laser tests were conducted on feathers artificially soiled with dust or carbon black. The Nd:YAG laser was unsuccessful at cleaning feathers soiled with carbon black. Better outcomes were obtained on feathers soiled with dust: the Nd:YAG laser was effective at both wavelengths at removing dust from white feathers, dyed feathers and yellow feathers containing psittacofulvins. Feathers containing melanin, as their main colourant, were found to have a much lower damage threshold fluence than other feathers. Also, laser radiation at 532 nm at high fluences can cause discolouration on pink feathers containing carotenoids. Finally, it was not possible to remove dust from down feathers without causing thermal damage. This investigation showed that laser cleaning using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser can remove dust from certain types of feathers. However, further research is needed to assess any potential chemical or long-term effects of laser cleaning on feathers. Finally, the Er:YAG laser was found to be unsuitable for laser cleaning resulting in thermal damage to all feathers at low fluences.

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