Observations of Relativistic Electron Enhancement and Butterfly Pitch Angle Distributions at Low L (<3)

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Abstract
Electrons in Earth's outer radiation belt are highly dynamic, with fluxes changing by up to orders of magnitude. The penetration of electrons from the outer belt to the inner belt is one such change observed during geomagnetic storms and was previously observed in electrons up to 1 MeV for some strong storms observed by the Van Allen Probes. We analyze pulse height analysis data from the Relativistic Electric and Proton Telescope (REPT) on the Van Allen Probes to produce electron flux measurements with lower minimum energy and significantly improved resolution compared to the standard REPT data and show that electron penetrations into the inner belt (L ≤ 2) extend to at least 1.3 MeV and penetrations into the slot region (2 < L < 2.8) extend to at least 1.5 MeV during certain geomagnetic storms. We also demonstrate that these penetrations are associated with butterfly pitch angle distributions from 1 to 1.3 MeV.
Funding Information
  • Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences (1834971, 2140934)
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC18K1276, 80NSSC21K0583, 80NSSC22K0356, 80NSSC21K1041, NAS5‐01072)

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